Thursday, 7 May 2015

Dream 430

'The Grand Continental Hotel, Dream Town' - Lucid Dream
Dream date: 6 May 2015

Day 14 of 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment - The 'Dream Town' Dream
This is Day 14 (and final day) of my 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment. Click on the red link to access the article which explains the experiment.

I was about to enter my house in Norwich, and saw that there were a large number of young (male) construction workers/builders outside. It was daytime and sunny. I went into my house, with the intention of making myself a cup of coffee. I then realised that it would be rude not to offer a hot drink to the construction workers. I wondered if I had enough cups. I looked in my cupboard and found I had about 4 cups - everything looked as it should in real-life. I went to the door and opened it, asking the construction workers if they wanted a tea or coffee. They said they did and entered the house. I was asking them what drinks they wanted and whether they took milk and sugar. One construction worker - a very fat young man with a shaved head said that he wanted '15 sugars' in his coffee. I refused to give him 1 sugars on the basis that it was unhealthy and said: 'You can have between 1 and 5 sugars' to which he replied he wanted 5.

I was then in my nan's house (living-room) in Sheringham. My mum and nan were there as well as several young female dream characters - all of which were small, blonde and Russian. They were standing around the living-room, laying out clothes on the back of the sofa. I think they were planning to get dressed up for a party or social event. I noticed that one of the dresses looked like a nurses uniform, and assumed the girls were all nursing students. I walked from my initial position by the window, round to the other side of the girls and then noticed that the 'nurses dress' was a white party dress which was decorated with gemstones and other sparkly details. The other clothing on the back of the sofa was similarly glamorous. I said: 'I have a skirt to show you'. I intended to find a white frilly (tulle) layered skirt with sparkly details on it and so went to a suitcase which was by the dining table and entrance to the kitchen. This suitcase was filled with my clothing. I rummaged through the bag to find the skirt, but could not. I noticed that my laptop was in the suitcase. 

The scene then changed and I was in a hotel which was huge and Victorian in style. This hotel resembled the sorts of hotels you get in seaside towns in Britain. I have drawn 3 diagrams (below) to illustrate how the areas of the hotel were generally laid out.

The ceilings were very high and the hotel was ornately decorated. I was in the lobby area and to the right of the entrance were some leather sofas, underneath a window (through which I could see it was daylight). A group of people - a family of dream characters of various ages - were sat on the sofas. They had a variety of dogs with them. I approached the family and knelt down on the floor to pet the dogs. A middle-aged man said (in reference to two medium-sized dogs, one brown and one black): 'They are Staffordshire Bull Terriers' - however I could see that they were definitely not. They looked more like Spaniels. I then saw a huge, brown fluffy dog laying a short distance away on the floor (beside it's owner's place, on a second sofa) which looked like a bear. It's fur was Afro-texture and it had a very round, squashy face. I said to one of the female family members: 'What breed is this dog?' but she did not seem to hear me, so I repeated the question. A younger family member seated beside her, said: 'Turn around and see my dogs!' I did so, and saw that she had two Staffies, laying on a dog blanket behind me. I started to pet these instead.

I then left the lobby area and walked up some  stairs, which took me to a wide hallway. To my left was a lead-plated window. To my right, just a few metres ahead of me was a reception desk, with two older male dream characters, wearing burgundy uniforms which indicated that they worked in the hotel. I looked out of the window (which was pointed at the top and looked like the type you find in churches) and I suddenly realised (I am not sure how) that I was in my 'Dream Town'. I did not become lucid at this point, so unfortunately was not able to direct my attention to the right things - or ask relevant questions of dream characters. The view from the window was almost an aerial view - it seemed we were high above the landscape I was looking out at, even though I could see hills in the distance. The view was a typical and familiar-looking one - suburban Britain. I could see a patchwork of fields, trees, hedgerows, rolling hills and many houses stretched out before me. I shouted out to the hotel worker dream characters: 'What is the name of this hotel?' One of them said: 'Guess' and I answered: 'The Grand Custard'. I thought again and said: 'No, the Grand International'. The dream character told me to guess again and I said: 'The Grand Continental' and he said; 'Yes it is'. I then walked around the hallway - the carpet was a plush red one and there were ornate features on a stair-rail and on the walls. I cannot remember much else of what I saw while investigating the hotel on this floor. 

I then went downstairs to a bar/cocktail lounge area, which was very dark (swathed in a blue smoky light) and crowded with dream characters (guests of the hotel) who were enjoying cocktails. I walked to the back of the cocktail lounge and saw that there was a laptop there, on a table which was unoccupied - except it wasn't a modern laptop computer - it looked a lot like a toy I used to own - a Fisher-Price cash register - with a screen at the top. I started to use this 'laptop' to contact someone (I am not sure who) and as I was in the process of doing so, I suddenly became fully lucid. The fact that I was experiencing a lucid dream - and was immediately aware that I was certainly in my 'Dream Town' and therefore my dream incubation experiment had succeeded was overwhelming and I had to concentrate really hard on stabilising the dream so as not to wake up from the excitement. I decided to shake my hands, which is a method which has worked for me before. I was also willing myself to calm down and breathe deeply. I then decided that instead of shaking my hands, I should just focus on my palms, which I did. My hands looked normal. The dream seemed to stabilise. I used the laptop once more, and noticed that a former friend, CP was trying to contact me. I did not want to speak with her (as I have not spoken to her for many years in real-life due to us growing apart when she got a new boyfriend). I looked to my right, hoping to investigate the dream scene and noticed that there was a bed now, only a couple of metres away from me, in the cocktail lounge. Standing beside the bed was PS and a male dream character of a similar age. I approached PS and sat down on the bed. PS said: 'I haven't seen these jeans before!' indicating to my clothing. I noticed that I was wearing jeans and said: 'I own lots of pairs of jeans, but I never wear them' (true). PS started to remove my jeans and then my underwear. He was standing at the foot of the bed, while I was sitting/laying back on it. The male dream character was just standing next to PS, doing/saying nothing. As PS pulled my jeans off my legs and started to take off my knickers, I realised I had started my period and I was embarrassed at the sight of blood, hoping he would not notice. I tried to imagine the blood wasn't there and suddenly noticed that there was no longer any blood at all - I had been wearing orange underwear which looked red under the strange lighting in the dark cocktail lounge.

The male dream character started to leave and then PS turned to say something to him, which meant his attention was distracted from me. I wanted him to remain in the dream, so that he could explore the Dream Town with me. I thought that first I should see how he would react to me telling him he was a lucid dream character in my lucid dream. I said: 'I've got something really important to tell you!' PS turned back to me (the male dream character was walking off, towards the counter/bar to get buy a drink). PS said: 'I bet you don't' to which I responded: 'It's really shocking!' (I assumed he would be shocked at the revelation as I have read that dream characters in lucid dreams often refuse to accept that they are dream characters). I then said: 'This is a dream and you are a dream character'. PS said: 'Prove it!' so I decided that the only way I could do this was by performing a reality check in front of him (I assumed that my fingers might go through my palm because this was a lucid dream and I had managed to exert some minor control earlier in relation to the period blood disappearing at will). I lifted my hands and performed the reality check - trying to push my fingers through the palm of my hand. I noticed I was wearing fake nails (which I was not wearing in real-life at this time) - they were painted pearly white. However, the reality check failed to prove to PS that this was a lucid dream - no matter how hard I pushed, I could not force my fingers through the palm of my hand. PS said: 'See, it's real-life!' and then I woke up!

TIME: 18:00 - 21:00 hours (this dream happened just before waking)
LUCIDITY: YES - I was fully lucid via a DILD (Dream Initiated/Induced Lucid Dream). Lucidity seemed to last for approximately 5 - 10 minutes

Dreamsigns:
  • None of note until I became lucid

Recurrent Dream Themes:
  • My nan's house in Sheringham as a dream scene location
  • Dogs
  • PS as a dream character

Potential Day/Dream Residue:
  • A few days before this dream a workman from Maintenance at my university attended my house in response to a complaint made by my neighbour (in relation to birds getting caught in the wire netting above our houses). I also have a need to call Maintenance in relation to a hole in my bedroom wall (my foot kicked out as I woke up and went through the plasterboard).
  • The day of this dream there were some construction workers/builders standing outside my house.
  • The day before this dream DL had told me about a Russian colleague of his. 
  • The day of this dream I had seen a picture of Courtney Love - taken from the Hole music video for 'Violets' from Live Through This (1994) in which Courtney Love is wearing a white layered tulle dress - like that worn by a ballerina.
  • The day before this dream I had played Sims 3 and noticed an in-game character (NPC) called 'Caroline Custard'. I also saw a reference to custard on an episode of Come Dine With Me which I watched on the same day.
  • A couple of days before this dream I had reorganised my wardrobe. While doing so, I found a pair of jeans I have not worn in ages and also a pair of orange lace knickers. I then wore an outfit DL had not seen before and he asked whether I had been raiding my wardrobe.
  • The day before this dream, I finished my period.

Waking Thoughts & Emotions:

I woke from this dream in a completely happy and positive mood because I had achieved some success in my Dream Incubation Experiment - on the last day of the experiment! Although I did not achieve all of my set goals - such as investigating my Dream Town and asking questions of my dream character companion - I was did find myself in my Dream Town as desired and this was a lucid dream. I was so exuberant and thrilled at having achieved this much when I woke that I felt on top of the world and very 'mentally empowered'. 

* I am not sure if I have forgotten any early parts of this dream, but if I recall them at a later stage, I will record them below.

Interpretation/Analysis:
This dream represents a successful attempt at dream incubation and lucid dream induction using the methodology I have had in place throughout. 


Dream 429

'Popularity'
Dream date: 5 May 2015

Note that there was no dreams recalled/recorded for Day 12 (4 May 2015) of my 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment.

Day 13 of 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment - The 'Dream Town' Dream
This is Day 13 of my 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment. Click on the red link to access the article which explains the experiment.

I found myself laying in my bed - my eyes were half open and I could feel a hand (on top of my duvet) smoothing it down over my body (starting from my mid-thigh going up towards my chest). The pressure was firm and it felt like someone was stroking me, although I could see nothing in the room with me and knew I should be alone. I had partial sleep paralysis (in my arms and hands). I then heard the doorbell ring, although it sounded like it was just outside my bedroom. I was aware that this was a false awakening, which means that I was at least semi-lucid at this point.

I must have lapsed into a normal dream state.

I was in a very big room which had white walls. It was daylight. I was sitting around a very large table with various persons with whom I had gone to high school in Sheringham - all of whom were very popular. 'cool' kids in my local area. 

In real-life I had been casual friends or acquaintances of these kids, but not part of their 'inner circle'. This is because I was 'alternative' (into underground or alternative music, skateboarding, grunge fashion, obscure hobbies), but at the same time outgoing and confident; slightly rebellious (or maybe very so, but able to avoid getting into serious trouble for underage drinking and cannabis use); at the top of my classes in almost every subject; and the daughter of a local pub landlady (so I had a mixed relationship with them). 

Most of the popular kids were males and notably, I saw one of them as JS - who was another rebellious kid, but not necessarily as popular as the rest of them. I said something to JS, along the lines of: 'Why are you here with these lot?' He looked sullen and withdrawn and was sitting low in his seat, while the other boys were louder and more active (leaning over the table, taking part in the conversation etc). It turned out that there was a party happening and I was surprised to find myself invited and part of the popular crowd. I was asking everyone at the table if they knew how I could score some cannabis, but no-one seemed to know.

The scene then changed and I was with these popular kids in a pub which was made entirely from dark, gnarly wood. It looked a little bit like the main bar in The Dunstable Arms pub in Sheringham, where my mum used to work, but at the same time reminded me of a medieval tavern.  Everything inside this pub was dark, except for the area behind the bar, which was brightly lit. I think the people at our table were the only customers in the pub. My mum was standing behind the bar of this pub. She called me over and gave me something in a white bottle and told me I needed to drink it. I am not sure what it was, but it was a 'remedy' to cure something which was wrong with me, but not necessarily causing me any immediate problems. I wondered why my mum was so keen to give me a remedy for something which was not affecting me, and I was anxious to get back to the popular kids and join in with their fun. My mum then said: 'No, that's not the right one' and bent down to the bottled drinks shelf and got me another bottle of something - which looked exactly the same. She told me to drink it. I said I would, and walked back round the the customer side of the bar and rejoined the cool kids. 

I was then in a different room again - I think it was the same room which had the table in it (where the popular cool kids had been in the earlier dream scene). However, it was now night-time and the lights were on. At the back of the room was a kitchen area, with a counter. DL was there with me (standing in near the kitchen area) and there were some other people sitting around the big table. DL said: 'Scarlett Johansson is my ultimate wank fantasy because she is so much more beautiful than you!' I was outraged at this. I said (remembering some recent pictures I had seen of her in the media): 'Well with her short hair and her weight loss, her boobs have shrunk smaller than mine and she has a lot of lines on her face which I don't!' DL said: 'I am not interested in her face or boobs'. I told him: 'I once said I thought she was pretty and you told me you disagreed with that' (which is something which happened in real-life - he asked which Hollywood actresses I thought had beautiful faces and I had said Scarlett Johansson, an opinion which he disagreed with - this conversation took place shortly before he and I were questioned by the police for possession of cannabis while we were sitting on a bench late at night). He said: 'I changed my mind because of social networking'. I then said (to try and spite him further): 'My ultimate wank fantasy is one of your real-life friends from social networking!' This was said purely to anger and upset him and stir jealousy. It worked. DL shouted something at me and became very enraged. We started wrestling each other just in front of the kitchen counter. DL was trying to pull me to the ground, but I was able to stand my ground and I was laughing at him, happy to have achieved my goal of making him as angry and upset as I was at his own comment. The people sat around the table with watching and laughing.

I cannot recall what else happened in this dream.

TIME: 12: 00 - 16:00 hours (I woke up from this dream)
LUCIDITY: Semi-lucid/lucid during false awakening

Dreamsigns:
  • None of note - except the false awakening with sleep paralysis, which I recognised as being part of a dream state

Recurrent Dream Themes:
  • Cannabis
  • Sheringham as a dream scene location? I am not sure where this dream was set as there were no obvious cues

Potential Day/Dream Residue:
  • The day before this dream I had written a review of Montage of Heck (2015) in which I had referred to the phrase 'cool kids'. Thinking about the film (and references to how Kurt Cobain felt like a social outcast during his school days) led me to think about my own school days and how I am appreciative of the fact that I was alternative and did not follow the in-crowd (who seem insipid and banal to me) - as a teenager I listed to Nirvana and wanted to be a Riot Grrrl, living a grunge lifestyle (I was a child of the 1990s, so was influenced by the alternative slacker culture). I still feel the same way as an adult.
  • The day of this dream I had watched a Youtube video made and uploaded by a Youtuber named Patricia Bright, in which she stated her Nigerian father (who thought of himself as a medical doctor) had provided her with a random bottle of ointment for her sprained ankle. She said she had no idea where her father got such remedies from (it looked like an old-fashioned treatment in the form of a bottle in a white box).
  • I saw the pictures of Scarlett Johansson (looking very slim and less curvy, with short hair and lines on her face) a few days before this dream. In a comments section on a news site, many people had suggested that sudden weight loss after the birth of her baby - coupled with her bad tattoos and short hair - had ruined her looks  and she was ageing badly - a view I actually agreed with based on recent media images.
  • The day of this dream I had watched an episode of Couples Come Dine With Me in which one of the contestants (a middle-aged man) had named Scarlett Johansson as his ultimate celebrity crush and someone he would want a 'free pass' to have sex with. His (overweight, middle-aged) wife had looked bemused and slightly annoyed by this revelation.
  • The day of this dream my mum had commented on a photograph of me uploaded on my Facebook page referring to me as 'beautiful'.
  • The day of this dream I had watched a documentary called When Freddie Mercury Met Kenny Everett which showed a clip of Mercury wrestling Everett to the floor during a sketch during the Kenny Everett Television Show - Everett bears some resemblance to DL.

Waking Thoughts & Emotions:

I didn't really have any specific thoughts or emotions when I woke from this dream, because my attention was directed to the fact that my alarm clock was about to sound and I needed to get up from my over-long nap as I had plans. The dream was neither positive nor negative.

* If I remember anything else about this dream I will record it below.

Interpretation/Analysis:
This dream does not seem to relate to my dream incubation experiment in any way. I am not sure where the dream took place, although I assume it probably Sheringham, due to the fact the pub reminded me of The Dunstable Arms and the main dream characters were people I went to school with - a large number of which still reside in Sheringham, as does my mum. This dream - while not necessarily negative - seems to reflect feelings of inferiority and envy - in comparison to the 'in-crowd' of cool kids from my school days and also a celebrity like Scarlett Johansson. Perhaps the scene with my mum reflects the idea that I am never inferior in her eyes and am able to compete favourably with anyone in terms of looks, personality or intelligence. Therefore, she seemed to have a 'remedy' for feelings of inferiority - as symbolised within this dream, which seemed to take me back to my school days in terms of the people who appeared in the dream and my mum's job. 


Tuesday, 5 May 2015

Dream Interpretation - Freudian Theory

In this House on 24 July 1895
the Secret of Dreams was Revealed 
to Dr Sigmund Freud


Sigmund Freud's great theory of dreaming was that the dream represented the fulfilment of a wish. Freud developed his theories of dreaming and neurosis in conjunction, claiming that they parallel one another. He depicted the child as seeking gratification of instinctual urges which are organised around the pleasure zones and bodily functions. Adults tame the child by instilling fear, shame and guilt over it's wishes, which become repressed into the subconscious. These unconscious wishes are not resolved and therefore continue to persist in their original childish form. The psyche of the socialised, civilised child (and adult) unwittingly contributes to the repression of wishes and primal urges and the instinctive drives become clogged and seek release. If these energies are not diverted into wholesome relationships and activities - or constructive substitutes - they will emerge as neurotic symptoms. As a symptom, the original wish-energy is discharged in a disguised form, which is admissible to the conscious mind. 

Freud then realised that he could make a comparison between this conceptualisation of neurosis and the compromise between the instinctual drives and censorship functions in dream formation. His theory is a form of 'excretion theory' whereby excess violent or sexual excitation from the subconscious is excreted through dreaming. The wishes need to be disguised from the dreamer, because if they were to surface in their true form they would shock the dreamer awake and damage their psyche. Dreaming acts as the 'guardian of sleep'. A censor transfers the wishes over to the dream-work, which can be defined as a set of functions which disguise the wish, rendering them unrecognisable to the dreamer. This allows the wishes to play out in a dream hallucination, enabling devious fulfilment - when we are asleep, we are all neurotic.


Freud described the dream form in considerable detail. 

Representation
Dreaming is predominantly visual and sensory. However, beneath the surface of the dream, in the 'latent content', exist explicit logical linguistic operations. Dream thoughts have to be represented as a sequence or juxtaposition of images, but these are not as obvious as language. This means we often dismiss the dream thoughts which underlie the pictorial content of the dream, which was termed as 'manifest content'.

Condensation
Freud believed that no dream image represented a single meaning and there was no universal dream symbolism. When an image enters a dream more than one meaning converges in and complexify it. Every dream image is 'over-determined' and condensation is responsible for the hybrid imagery of dreams. Condensation also serves to obfuscate the meaning of the dream imagery.

Associative Paths
Freud did not give a specific term to this process, but he described how latent content goes along 'associative paths' to find representation in more than one single dream image. The opposite of condensation is 'splitting'. Therefore, over-determination refers to two contrasting ideas: that multiple meanings converge in a single dream symbol and that multiple dream symbols may repeat of reinforce a single meaning. 

Displacement
The energy behind the dream is transferred from what it actually relates to, to a relatively neutral place, where it's true nature will not be recognised by the dreamer. 

Reversal
Freud also believed that something can be represented by its complete opposite. A disowned characteristic or aspect of the dreamer's self may be projected onto a dream character. Freudian theory has often been criticised because all dream interpretation appears arbitrary and it is possible to interpret any dream in whatever way.

Symbolisation
Condensation and displacement generate the majority of the dream symbolism - those which are idiosyncratic and are derived from the dreamer's personal history and subjective associations. Freud also propounded a more universal set of dream symbols which are derived from humanity's collective experience. These represent big themes such as birth, death, family relations, sex and the body.

Secondary Revision (Secondary Elaboration)
This is the theory that the dream as it is experienced by the dreamer is a form of para-art which arises from the same place as other forms of creativity. However, this is a theory which has emerged post-Freud. For Freud, art had integrity, whereas the dream did not,

Freud rejected the idea of symbolic dream interpretation whereby the entire meaning of the dream can be in the structure or narrative of the manifest content. He thought that each symbol is significant and comes from its own psychic sources, undergoing distortion by the censor, referring to the individual aspects of the dream as 'breccia'. Each symbol is a separate fragment held together by the cement of the dream. The cement of the dream - it's binding medium - is a superficial form which is created from the outset of the dream by the simple fact that it is a representation. Then, secondary revision, the series of discrete, disguised images are rendered into a sequence - the text of the dream which is intelligible to the waking, conscious ego.

Allan Hobson and David Foulkes both state that dreams are the result of random activations or memories which are cobbled together to form a dream narrative. Daniel Deslauriers claims that the dream narrative is scripted from the very start of the dream and contextual deviations only appear as a form of symbolic exploration of new psychological territory. 

Secondary revision is a process similar to those which are utilised to give coherence to waking experiences. Within the dream, Freud identified different ways in which this finishing work takes place:

(1) At the beginning, in conjunction with other dream-work
(2) Occurring after the dream breccia consolidates
(3) Continuing into waking recall and narration

Secondary revision has three functional aspects - critic, editor and plagiarist. The critic evaluates the dream, despite defensive resistance by the dreamer ('it was only a dream'); the editor renders the dream coherent and puts it into a verbal form and repairs gaps in recollection; and the plagiarist imposes forms of previous conscious or subconscious fantasies, including cultural forms. The secondary revision draws attention towards the dream's aesthetic surface, which always seems to maintain some form of minimal stylistic cohesion. Attention is drawn away from the latent content which is coded in the dream imagery. The manifest or surface content of the dream is therefore an inessential illusion which detracts from the true meaning of the dream. The dreamer should pay careful attention to each individual constituent part of the dream and trace its origins. A dream is a conglomerate which must be broken down into fragments to be understood. The manifest content is no more than a sham - a facade to shield the latent content from the dreamer.

In order to trace and decipher each element of the dream, Freud used free association - a form of stream of consciousness exercise, by which the dreamer lets his imagination and thoughts flow freely and uncensored. Psychological determinism means that the dream-making process becomes untangled in reverse, by the chain of free associations. The dreamer will eventually arrive at the original, subconscious, latent content.  Freud held that a 'far-fetched' associative chain would not emerge unless it had already been constructed by the dream-work.

Each dream has latent content and every dream is the veiled expression of a subconscious infantile wish or desire, but not all latent content are infantile wishes. This is a common misconception in popular understanding of Freudian theory. For Freud, some latent content is merely daily residue - waking thoughts which are comprehensible to the dreamer on reflection. Freud differentiates infantile wishes from latent content. Within the manifest content of the dream imagery, it is always possible to to discover material related to waking processes - whether concerns of which the dreamer is consciously aware, or preconscious ones which are retained below the surface. The ;concern' is withdrawn from the consciousness until it emerges in a distorted form in the manifest imagery of the dream. This brings forth the question as to why it is necessary for latent content to be coded and inadmissible to the dreamer's conscious - why are they not presented wholly to the dreamer in a comprehensible form? Freud claimed that censorship occurs because before the dream is dreamt, the latent content is connected with the unconscious infantile wishes. Freud explained the cause of dreaming in terms of a somewhat anachronistic mechanistic energy model based on psycho-physiology. The infantile wish is the energy source which cannot be admitted to the conscious and gradually builds up pressure, like steam. This excitation requires conduits or valves through which to discharge. During the waking day, neurotic or sublimated behaviour are ways for this discharge to take place and during sleep, dreaming is the process by which discharge occurs. Dream thoughts are drawn into the conscious where they are loaded with energy which empowers them to force their way into the dream consciousness, bearing with them the infantile wish. They are disguised by the dream-work before they emerge in the manifest content of the dream.

Freud had a penchant for reductive analysis and provided two authentic lower layers of dream meaning: latent content related to daily concerns and the repressed infantile wish. There is always some form of kinship between these two layers of dream meaning, because the infantile wish requires some form of 'hook' in the latent dream content by which to attach itself. Freudian dream interpretation seeks to both identify the repressed infantile wish and the present adult concerns of the dreamer. Throughout The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud neglects to locate the infantile dimension of many adult dreams and does not trace the genesis of the repressed infantile wish. This was a criticism raised by Jung and an aspect of his theory which Freud intended to revise. Indeed, in his own dream of Irma's Injection, Freud does not even address the issue of a repressed infantile wish, instead incorporating manifest content into his interpretation of the dream which inspired his theory.

In 1920, Freud addressed the kinds of recurrent dreams which occur in the dreamer following a severe trauma, much like a repetitive neurotic pattern. This led Freud to suggest that dreams may also be an attempt at mastering control over events which the dreamer could not deal with originally, in their waking life. This is in line with modern research into nightmares and post-traumatic stress disorder. This change came about because Freud modified his model of the mind. In The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud presents a topographical model - a spatial projection of psychic stratiography in which there are layers of consciousness. In his later structural model, he develops a dynamic organisation of autonomous formations - the ego, superego and id.

This adaptation of his theory resulted from Freud's clinical observations of complex ego-related activity in the subconscious and un-wishlike anxiety and superego activity in dreams. This shift meant that something other than the primitive drives and infantile wishes may be responsible for the generation of dreams and implicitly suggested that manifest content should be paid more heed. Ego functions operate independently from primitive drives - the ego adapts to the outside world and generates personality patterns, and patterns of defence (denial, projection etc).

Freud referred to 'dreams from above' and 'dreams from below'. A 'dream from below' is an unconscious wish which has attached itself to dream residue (the repressed wish). A 'dream from above' is a dream which repeats waking thoughts and intentions of the dreamer which have found reinforcement in the repressed material censored from the ego (dream-thoughts). Freud seems to be saying that sometimes it is more useful to analyse dreams in relation to the dreamer's waking life rather than looking for infantile meaning. However, in making these assertions, Freud seems to undermine his own theory of dreaming which states that only an infantile wish is powerful enough to initiate a dream - dream-thoughts alone, and adult wishes are not strong enough to do so. 

Freud also claimed that the dreaming mind was unable to think of anything original. Therefore, Freud was dismissive of the cognitive aspect  of dreaming. He saw the judgment of the dreamer as nothing more than his waking mind. He believed that actual language which appears in dreams must be lifted from day residue as language production requires original thought and cannot be generated within the dream itself. Freud's notion of dreaming is therefore fairly restrictive and he claimed that the only contribution a dream makes is by enabling waking interpretation.  Hobson criticises Freud for ignoring the physical condition of the dreaming brain - but when Freud developed his theory of dreaming, it was impossible for him to analyse the brain of dreamers. This is something which has only recently been investigated by neuroscientists and is still an area which requires further study before we can begin to understand the complexities of the dreaming brain.

Freudian dream interpretation can be seen as reductionist in nature. He focused on the psychosexual nature of dreams and the central Oedipal (or Electra) Complex. Successors such as Geza Roheim (1891 - 1953) would later argue that all dreams represent a symbolic return to the womb. For Freud, deja-vu was always about the mother's genitals. Freudian dream interpretation relies on reducing the nature of dreams to infantile sexual wishes, the genitals, erogenous zones, masturbation and conflict.

These ideas led some critics to suggest that Freudian theory was essentially fatalist - man is nothing more than an multiplication of his parents' flaws and an accumulation of his own earlier selves. Roheim believed that in dreams we communicate with our own soul - the 'Great Man', which is a 'mandala' - symbolic of the uterus. Freudian theory has also focused on the idea that only the manifest content of a dream is happy or joyful; the latent content is always painful meaning that all dreams have the potential to be nightmares. 

Freud thought that dreams were neurotic symptoms and he relied heavily on the idea of abnormal psychic phenomena and dysfunction. In concentrating exclusively on mental illness, he failed to consider mental health. 

Freud claimed that the rational waking mind of man is no more genuine than the manifest content of his dreams - the social, logical, benevolent and constructive impulses in man are not primary, but instead secondary, arising from a need to repress his primal instincts. The purpose of the facade created in waking life is because man wants to be part of a civilised society and his primal (violent and sexual urges) are detrimental to that society. Love and creativity were thus sublimated forms of libidinal drives. He did not see these concepts as evolutionary constructive forces which urge a man to realise his potential and stated that '[t[]he idea condition of things would be...a community of men who had subordinated their instinctual life to the dictatorship of reason'. 

Critics of Freud have pointed to his 'spiritual poverty' - indeed Freud's own relationship with spirituality was a confused and conflicted one. Freud was an Austrian Jew, living in the polite, bourgeois society of Vienna - his personal circumstances would have greatly influenced his views on spirituality.  

Nevertheless, Freud had been responsible for highlighting the significance of childhood experiences on adult life and brought dream psychology within the remit of general psychology, giving it an academic basis. His theories relaxed the boundaries between the normal and abnormal and sought to connect the phenomenon of dreaming with waking reality in meaningful ways. Further, he developed the method of free association, which has proved to be an important tool in dream analysis. Freud saw life as a form of 'disease process'  and was the prime advocate of our (modern) idea of self-healing and recovery.

Richard Grossinger states: '[Freud] suggests that the dream is a kind of mirage in our desert. The purpose of interpretation from that perspective is to challenge our illusions and eradicate them'.

Monday, 4 May 2015

Dream 428

'My Boyfriend was an Older Woman!'
Dream date: 3 May 2015

Day 11 of 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment - The 'Dream Town' Dream
This is Day 11 of my 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment. Click on the red link to access the article which explains the experiment.

I was in a dark interior environment. I think it may have been a cafe, because there were lots of small(ish) tables in the room, although I can recall nothing more about the decor. I noticed that on a table behind me was a young male dream character, whom I felt a deep attraction to. He was slightly younger than me and had tousled blonde hair. I summonsed him over (I cannot recall what was said between us) and almost immediately we started kissing passionately. After the kiss broke off, I looked closely at the male dream character and noticed that it was an old woman, who had disguised herself as a young man. She had not done this with malice, but because she felt more comfortable as a young male than an older woman. I still felt betrayed however - as I did not want a relationship with a woman, and certainly not one much older than myself (she was in her 50s or 60s).

I was then in an interior environment (in which I lived with BG), but it was not my actual home. I cannot recall any details of the location, other than he fact that there was a large window (like my real-life home) at which I was standing for the majority of this scene. BG asked me if I had bought any toilet rolls as we had run out. I said: 'No', but in fact I had bought some secretly and hidden them in my bedroom. BG asked me if I wanted her to show me where the public toilets were and I said: 'No'. BG went upstairs to my room and looked around. My room looks like it does in real-life - including the fact that the furniture has been moved around (I did this a few hours before I had this dream in real-life). I thought: 'She can't see the hidden toilet rolls' (which were under my bed), but then I realised they were in full view. BG was very angry and stormed downstairs, to the first room (which I guess was our 'dream' lounge). I followed her, trying to explain that I thought it was her turn to buy the toilet paper and I had hidden some upstairs to wait and see if she met her responsibility. If she failed to buy any, I would have put the hidden toilet paper in the bathroom. BG did not accept my explanation and we argued, although I cannot recall what else was said in the argument. Eventually we made peace and I agreed that we would share the hidden toilet paper.

The scene changed and I was with a male (known to me in real-life, although I cannot recall who it was) - and we were standing by a canal - this was my 'Dream Town' as I could recognise the environment and had a strong feeling, although I did not become aware that I was dreaming (so, no lucidity involved). The male dream character and I were standing on a bridge over the canal, trying to catch some fish. However, all we could catch were small black snakes. 

There was a scene with some glass marbles, although I cannot recall what happened. 

TIME: 06:00 - 11:00 hours (I am not sure when this dream took place)
LUCIDITY: None

Dreamsigns:
  • The young male dream character definitely looked young and male when I summonsed/kissed him, but then suddenly became an old woman (A - Action/F - Form)
  • I was in my 'Dream Town' (IA - Inner Awareness/C - Context)
  • We were fishing, but snakes lived in the water (C - Context)

Recurrent Dream Themes:
  • Snakes

Potential Day/Dream Residue:
  • I have been reading a lot about transgender persons (as an LGBT rights supporter) and gender transitioning for quite a while now.
  • In real-life, we ran out of toilet paper on the night I had this dream, so I went to bed aware that this would have to be sorted out in the morning. I was slightly annoyed that this happened as I had been out of the house over the weekend and BG would have seen we were running low - Monday was a Bank Holiday, so the local shop was shut.
  • The day before this dream I had read an article about how you are supposed to put the toilet roll on the holder so that the new sheets are on the top (rather than underneath). I always arrange it so the new sheets are on top and I dislike it when other people do the opposite as I think it is less convenient, even if it is a  very minor issue. I was pleased that the article confirmed my method was 'correct'!

Waking Thoughts & Emotions:

I was so pleased that my 'Dream Town' made an appearance in this dream, although it was part of a very brief dream scene. This was a positive dream for me, other than the scenes involving the lack of toilet paper and the argument with BG, which seemed to be realistic and likely to happen in real-life and therefore possibly reflected some of my waking stress in dream form, which is never fun.

* I have forgotten some aspects of this dream, but if I recall them later, I will record them below.

Interpretation/Analysis:
This was a partial success in my dream incubation experiment, as my 'Dream Town' appeared to me in the dream, however, it was the location by the canal, which means that I did not get to explore any more of my 'Dream Town' and only saw an area I was already familiar with - although I have never actually seen the bridge before, so that was new. I am disappointed at forgetting the identity of the dream character who appeared in the scene (fishing in my 'Dream Town') as this would have been a point of significant interest for me.

The scene about the toilet rolls seems to be a reflection of an event in my actual life, which is banal and annoying. I am not sure why this surfaced so prominently in my dream. 

Dream 427

'CJS Sets a Contest'
Dream date: 2 May 2015

Day 10 of 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment - The 'Dream Town' Dream
This is Day 10 of my 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment. Click on the red link to access the article which explains the experiment.

I cannot recall all of this dream, as I was woken by an alarm and then became distracted, meaning I forgot large parts of it before I could consolidate my memory and record it. 

CJS was setting some kind of contest/competition. I was taking part. CJS wore a white top. 

I was being shown some books, which were newly published. They were part of a series called 'Dance of the Planets' and involved different dance routines designed to reflect the various planets of the solar system.

There was a scene involving an orchestra - I recall a piano and a saxophone in particular. They were playing a song which was familiar. 

TIME: 03:00 - 09:00 hours
LUCIDITY: None

Dreamsigns:
  • There were no obvious dreamsigns 

Recurrent Dream Themes:
  • None of note

Potential Day/Dream Residue:
  • None of note

Waking Thoughts & Emotions:

This dream was more interesting than it sounds, but since I have forgotten large amounts of it, I cannot reflect on this aspect much. However, I do know that when I first woke up, the primary thought in my mind was that the books in my dream reminded me of Gustav Holt's The Planets (1914 - 1916) which is a 7-piece orchestral suite which we listened to in primary school. This may explain the appearance of an orchestra in this dream.

* I have forgotten large amounts of this dream, but if I recall them, I will record them below.

Interpretation/Analysis:
This dream does not seem to relate to my intended dream incubation experiment, but since I have forgotten large amounts of it, there may be some connection between the incubated dream theme and the forgotten dream scenes. However, I doubt this, as when I woke up from the dream and had a better recollection of it, I was not aware that it related to my dream  incubation experiment in any particular way.

Dream 426

'Better than ECM'
Dream date: 1 May 2015

Day 9 of 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment - The 'Dream Town' Dream
This is Day 9 of my 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment. Click on the red link to access the article which explains the experiment.

I can hardly recall much about this dream. 

I was with RBA in an interior environment. I realised I was competing for his affections with a number of other women, one of whom was ECM. ECM had started work in a commercial kitchen - perhaps in a restaurant, and this kitchen was through a doorway from the room RBA and I were in (as well as other unrecalled dream characters who did not seem to interact with us). ECM was currently working a shift. She came over to us - dressed in a black dress with a white apron. She said something to RBA and he rejected her, which forced her to leave and return to the kitchen. RBA indicated that he was not interested in ECM. I cannot recall what I said. RBA hugged me and I knew I had 'won'. 

TIME: 04:00 - 11:00 hours (this dream happened just before I woke up)
LUCIDITY: None

Dreamsigns:
  • There were no obvious dreamsigns

Recurrent Dream Themes:
  • RBA as a dream character - and specifically, RBA in a dream which involves working in catering or the food industry
  • Competing with other women for the affections of male dream characters

Potential Day/Dream Residue:
  • A couple of days before this dream I had discussed cooking with RBA in an online conversation.

Waking Thoughts & Emotions:

This dream was not significant enough to trigger any particularly obvious waking thoughts and emotions. 

* I have forgotten large amounts of this dream, which I know was much longer and more detailed (I forgot some aspects of this dream as my alarm woke me and I didn't give myself a chance to reflect on my dream and record it before allowing myself to become distracted). If I recall anything further about this dream, I will record it below.

Interpretation/Analysis:
This dream does not appear to relate in any way to my intended dream incubation experiment, and the aspects of it which I can recall are quite banal.

Dream 425

'Do You Want to See My Teeth?'
Dream date: 30 April 2015

Day 8 of 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment - The 'Dream Town' Dream
This is Day 8 of my 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment. Click on the red link to access the article which explains the experiment.

I was in a room, but it looked pretty normal - the lights were on and there was a large wooden desk in the middle of the room, but I am not sure what other furniture was there. I was aware that I had paid £90 to attend some kind of class or learning programme which would be taking place in the near future. However, in the room with me was a male dream character. He was older than me and white; quite tall and medium build, with a long face which had a slight yellowish tint to the skin. He was completely bald. This male dream character was trying to convince me to skip the class. I said that if he wanted me to skip it, he would have to refund my £90 so it wouldn't be wasted. In my mind, I was confusing £90 and £900, because I kept thinking about both amounts. 

The dream character held some notes out to me. There were some £20 notes and a £10 note. Although there was at least £90 being shown to me, I still had the figure of £900 in my mind, and I thought the £10 meant I would be receiving less than I had paid for the course - in the dream, my maths did not make any sense. The male dream character put the money down on the desk. I noticed that one of the notes (which I had seen as a £20 note and had a similar design) was a £250 note. I told the dream character that he was trying to scam me. He denied this. 

I then saw a close-up of my own teeth (as if I was looking in a mirror). One of my teeth (behind my incisor on the left) was rotten (it is not in real-life). I could see my top gums were protruding and square in shape. I touched them and saw they were actually made out of plastic - almost like pieces of Lego. I found myself sitting at the desk, beside which the dream character was standing. As I looked up at his face, I realised that he was Pennywise the Clown - his face was morphing as I looked at him. I felt anxious as I did not want to meet Pennywise the Clown. He started to open his mouth, and said: 'Do you want to see my teeth?' I knew (memory from watching IT and reading the description of Pennywise's teeth in the novel) that he had nightmarish fangs which he displayed when he was about to kill/eat someone. I did not want to see his teeth. As he opened his mouth, I could see that his teeth were large and rotten, but I only got a quick glimpse before the dream ended. 

TIME: 04:00 - 12:00 hours (I am not sure when this dream took place)
LUCIDITY: None

Dreamsigns:
  • The amount of money kept changing in my mind (IA - Inner Awareness)
  • There is no £250 banknote available in UK currency (IA - Inner Awareness/F - Form/C - Context)
  • My gums were made of plastic (F - Form)
  • The male dream character was Pennywise the Clown from Stephen King's IT (1990)

Recurrent Dream Themes:
  • Money - with a different appearance/value
  • Pennywise the Clown from Stephen King's IT

Potential Day/Dream Residue:
  • I have recently paid £90 to attend a festival.
  • My mum recently (several days before this dream) gave me some money - in £20 notes.
  • I am writing a fictional novel in which my main character experiences lucid dreams - and has a relationship with Pennywise the Clown
  • I am currently worried about my teeth, because I have a phobia of the dentists and constantly think about how I would cope if I needed emergency dental treatment. 

Waking Thoughts & Emotions:

This dream was a little scary towards the end, but I did not have any negative waking thoughts or emotions.

* I have recalled the main points of this dream, but if I remember any more, I will record it below.

Interpretation/Analysis:
This dream does not seem to relate much to my intended dream incubation, but the fact that I have been thinking about my novel and how to incorporate the character of Pennywise the Clown into the plot demonstrates that I may have incubated him into my own dream as a dream character, which is unfortunate. It also displays how easy it is for repetitive or regular waking thoughts (day residue) to penetrate the dream narrative.

Dream 424

'Inducing Labour & Credit Card Fraud'
Dream date: 28 April 2015

Day 7 of 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment - The 'Dream Town' Dream
This is Day 7 of my 14-Day Dream Incubation Experiment. Click on the red link to access the article which explains the experiment.

I was in a supermarket, deciding whether or not to buy toilet cleaner. I then went home and found that I was hand-washing my purple faux leather jacket in the bathtub. The leather jacket had become a faded purple-blue and was ruined. I realised I had washed it in toilet cleaner, not washing powder.

The dream then changed and I was a different person - a young woman (I am not sure what I looked like) as I did not see myself froma  third-person perspective or in a reflection. I was married to a dream character called Jason. He was a young white male, or a similar height to myself, with a slim build. Jason wore a blue leather jacket and had black hair and a short beard. I was pregnant and had gone past my due date to give birth. However, I was still slim with my 'normal' waistline. I was keen to induce labour so that I could give birth as quickly as possible. I told Jason that one way to do this was to have sexual intercourse, but for some reason, although he agreed, I just masturbated instead. I did not experience an orgasm and soon got bored. 

I then realised that one recommended way to induce labour was to drink lime cordial directly from a bottle. I started doing this, but nothing happened. I then told Jason that we should eat spicy food (to induce the labour). We ate some curry (I cannot recall what kind of curry this was), but again nothing happened. I was in a house which was a composite of my nan's kitchen in Sheringham and a room which was only familiar to me within the dream (see diagram). CD (a friend of my mum's) was present and I was aware that she had removed a lot of vegetables which were apparently rotten, and placed them in a large cardboard box to take out to the rubbish/trash. I looked in the box and it contained strangely shaped cauliflowers (instead of road, they were long and irregular shaped) and some aubergines. The vegetables looked to be in fine condition and I was annoyed at CD for wasting good food. 

I then decided that Jason and I should go for a drive. We got in a car and Jason was driving. I am not sure where this location was, but soon we got out of the car and I realised we were at the back of the lake at my university campus, walking in the forest. We were smoking a cannabis joint. We passed two middle-aged woman, and then suddenly, saw a police car which had driven through the forest and was parked between the trees - obviously the police were searching for someone. I realised it was Jason and I who they were looking for, and we threw the (finished) cannabis joint on the ground and decided to walk in the opposite direction, so that we could escape the police. I then realised that Jason and I were wanted for serious credit-card fraud. Apparently, we had stolen credit cards and then pretended to be the holders of these accounts to acquire money and goods illegally. I did wonder how the police could prove it was us, but Jason reminded me that on the occasions that we had committed the frauds and stolen identities, we had also used credit cards which were legitimately in his name, which linked us to the crimes. I felt very worried, as I did not want Jason to be arrested before I gave birth to our baby. I had no concerns that I would be arrested or tried for these offences, it seemed only Jason would be.

We were then back in out home. I was trying to find ways to ensure Jason would not be apprehended, and thought the best idea would be for him to hide. I noticed a small door (square) which was on the wall, above our bed. I opened it and saw that it led to a 'secret room' which had another bed and a sofa in it - made of a blue patterned chevron material (like public transport seating). I told Jason that he could hide in there and I could place a picture or poster over the small doorway into the room, to prevent it from being detected. Jason then informed me that the 'secret room' had a proper doorway, which was positioned in the hallway, making it just a normal room. I felt dejected.

The scene changed again, and I was myself. I was with DL. We were in a supermarket and were taking part in a challenge to make a dish. I walked over to some shelving to get some ingredients. I saw a huge metal barrel of olive oil, and poured some into a separate, smaller container. Other ingredients included gherkins and some kind of fish (I cannot recall exactly what). I ran down another aisle to where DL was standing at a makeshift kitchen counter which had been set up near the cheese section of the supermarket. This was the area where the contest to make the dish was taking place. We started to prepare the dish together, but I spilled the oil. DL was angry with me. I tasted the oil on my fingers and thought it tasted strongly of washing-up liquid. DL said the whole dish was ruined (even though the oil had not yet been added to the dish). I asked if it was because the washing-up liquid had been added to the oil (I assumed at this point that this was the reason the oil was sitting in the big metal barrel, because it had been spoiled), but DL said that it was because when I had tried to clear up the oil spill with a cloth, my hair had trailed in the oil, contaminating it. I then had a vision of me mopping up oil with a cloth and my hair falling forward into the oil on the surface.

I woke up.

TIME: 10:00 - 14:00 hours
LUCIDITY: None

Dreamsigns:
  • I was a different person, with a different set of family circumstances (IA - Inner Awareness/F - Form/C - Context)
  • It would be impossible for a police car to drive into the woods behind the lake (IA - Inner Awareness/A - Action)

Recurrent Dream Themes:
  • Cannabis
  • The colour blue

Potential Day/Dream Residue:
  • A few days before this dream I had hand-washed my purple faux leather jacket (in the bath) because I had put it down in front of the sound system at a hip hop gig (on 24 April) and it got beer spilled on it.
  • I have recently seen a lot of online media articles focusing on (a) the (overdue) birth of the second child of Prince William and Kate Middleton, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge; and (b) Sarah Stage, the model who maintained a very slim figure and a 'six-pack' throughout her pregnancy, provoking a lot of positive and negative attention.
  • The day before this dream I watched an episode of Come Dine With Me in which one of the contestants used a huge quantity of oil to cook some potatoes.
  • The day before this dream I watched an episode of cookery competition, Masterchef.
  • DL and I discussed cannabis and while at the hip hop show on 24 April, a stranger had given me some free cannabis.
  • When I was washing-up the other day, the ends of my hair fell into the water.

Waking Thoughts & Emotions:

This dream was really pleasurable, because it felt like a proper narrative with a plot and I enjoyed being a different dream character involved in a dramatic story. This was a positive dream to have.

* I have remembered the majority of this dream.

Interpretation/Analysis:
This dream seems heavily influenced by day residue and current events in my waking life. It does not seem to be linked to the incubated dream theme in any way, and there is a definite break with some of the recurrent themes I have experienced in my recent Dream Incubation Experiment dreams (for example, Sheringham as a dream scene location).